Strategic Implications of a Swot Analysis

Name: – Nana Kesewaa Dankwa Index Number:-PGDBA/PM/022/0912 EVALUATE THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE SWOT ANALYSIS MODEL OF AN ORGANIZATION OF YOUR CHOICE. Introduction: Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis is an important device for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of an organisation and its environment. It aims to elicit tactics which will generate an organisation specific operational model that will best align an organization’s resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates (www. anagementstudyguide. com). Therefore, for any organisation to survive and achieve its mandate, it needs to strategically and competently undertake a SWOT analysis of its environment to fashion out activities which will enable it pursue and achieve its mission and vision. The Internal Audit Agency The organisation selected for this assignment is the Internal Audit Agency (IAA). The IAA was establish ed by the Internal Audit Agency Act 2003 (Act 658).The Agency’s mission is to exercise oversight responsibility over internal audit practice in the public service by setting standards, providing quality assurance and supporting capacity building for good corporate governance, effective risk management and controls through highly skilled and motivated workforce. Its vision is to be a Centre of Excellence in Africa in promoting best practices in internal auditing. The strategies adopted by the Agency to achieve its set objectives include; 1.Effectively promoting internal audit practice in Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) 2. Increasing public access to information on internal audit activities 3. Creating a congenial environment for high performance work in the Internal Audit Agency 4. Improving good governance and accountability in MDAs and MMDAs SWOT Analysis Model of the Internal Audit Agency StrengthsWeakn essesOpportunitiesThreats Congenial relationship between Board, management and staffConducive work environment Approved Scheme of ServiceLow morale of staff due to improper placement Support of the Presidency Legal backing for IAA work Independent Judiciary Good relationship with central management agencies (CMAs)Lack of continuous political commitment Poaching of internal audit skills by other institutions. High quality of staff (competence and qualifications) Proactive Leadership Supportive Board Youthful and energetic staff Cordial working relationship Good corporate imageInadequate training for staffInadequate office accommodation Inadequate Staff numbers Govt committed to developing internal audit function Appreciable number of qualified personnel available in Ghana Goodwill of suppliers and service providers International recognition Availability of curricula for training internal auditors in tertiary institutions. Poaching of key staff from IAA Publicity on negative activitie s by staff of Internal Audit Units (IAUs) The perception that corrupt practices are â€Å"normal† Misconception of the role of IAUs.INTRANET – facilitates communication within IAA INTERNET – facilitates communication of IAA with the external world Availability of ICT Tools Availability of a websiteHigh downtime for office equipment. Non-availability of electronic recording equipment Inadequate & outdated ICT equipmentPotential to Network with all MDAs and MMDAs. Emerging technologies to facilitate conduct of internal audit functions (e. g. Audit Software) Implementation of GIFMISComputer Viruses & FraudsPoor ICT infrastructure and geographical spread of MDAs and MMDAs Frequent power outages. Legal mandate by an Act of Parliament, Act 658 Availability of conditions of serviceLack of enforcement powers. High demand by MDAs and MMDAs to get services of internal audit Legislation in areas such as labour, compensation and health and safety Non-transmittal of IAA Annu al Report to Parliament Inability to enforce prosecution of liable public service staff Inadequate authority to enforce implementation of audit recommendationsStrategic Implications of the SWOT Analysis model of the Internal Audit Agency The Internal Audit Agency’s SWOT Analysis model was done to be able assist the AGENCY ACHIEVE ITS OBJECTIVES . it is legally mandated to achieve its Now the strategies of the agency were drawn out the swoty analysis done the agency drew all its strengths The strategies of the IAA have been formulated to assist the organisation achieve its mission and vision. These strategies have been designed taking cognisance of the objectives defined for the Agency in Act 658.The SWOT analyses undertaken by the IAA adequately scan the Agency’s environment and have appropriately ascribed both external and internal environmental issues. The Agency’s SWOT model has captured detailed internal and external environmental issues which would place th e Agency in a proper position to adequately pursue and achieve its goal and objectives with minimal adversity and a well prepared system as it has anticipated all the positive and negative internal and external issues which could respectively support or derail its efforts towards achieving its objectives.However, the Agency’s SWOT model is highly subjective as these strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are based massively on the perceptions of the staff undertaking the exercise. The methods of identifying these environmental issues are not scientific as the Agency failed to provide any basis to that effect in their strategic plan for 2011- 2015. Conclusion SWOT analysis is a powerful tool for the systematic analysis of internal and external environments of an organization. It aids in effectively identifying problems and drawing lines of future actions to eliminate or ameliorate these problems.

Primary Source Analysis: the French Revolution and Human Rights

Perhaps one of the most unique eras in world history was the Enlightenment, a time period in which intellectuals like Voltaire, Adam Smith and Denis Diderot â€Å"Observed with unprecedented acuity the evils and flaws of human society in their day† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, March and, and, 621) and sought to change the worldview of their generation both socially and politically. Those intellectuals believed that by sharing an aspiration to spread knowledge, human judgments could resist ignorance. Today, the ideals of those Enlightenment thinkers have become the foundation of many, if not all human societies. The Enlightenment had a great impact on the world, especially on Europeans who were customary to old practices of fixed social hierarchies, in which the king held absolute power. The knowledge gained from this intellectual movement brought about many changes in society. Minority groups such as women â€Å"gained confidence in their own worthiness—to create art, to write books, to observe the world accurately, and perhaps even rule their states† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, and, 619). The Enlightenment also paved the way for a newer approach towards the concept of human rights. Human beings were granted certain individual rights known as their â€Å"natural rights† that was always convenient by law. Before the French Revolution, European cultures were restricted by â€Å"two major institutions: the Catholic and Protestant churches and the dynastic court systems† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) where individual rights were given based on social ranks. The Enlightenment influenced the concept of human rights in France in that society had a better awareness of their world, which contributed to the emergence of cultural ambitions such as women forming political clubs to debate for social and political equality. Traditional governing ideas were gradually replaced by new governing visions to protect the natural rights of citizens over the king’s authority. For instance, prior â€Å"traditional Christian belief in original sin and God’s mysterious tamperings with natural forces and human events† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) were abandoned. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens was also established, which helped changed the social and political structure of the country. Additionally, and perhaps the most influence the Enlightenment had on the concept of human rights in France was that it provided â€Å"freedom of religion, freedom of the press, no taxation without representation, elimination of excessive punishments, and various safeguards against arbitrary administration† (Hunt, 77). Having been greatly influenced by the American War of Independence, â€Å"French officers who served in North America arrived home fired by the ideals of liberty that they saw in action in the New World† (Hunt, 13). French deputies met in 1789 with constitutional ideals adopted from Americans like Thomas Jefferson and George Mason, establishing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens in an effort to drive the â€Å"ideas of rights and liberties in a more universalistic direction† (Hunt, 13). A more Universalistic direction basically meant replacing ideals of the old order with knowledge gained from the Enlightenment. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens empowered all French citizens with protected liberties and granted all men equality under the law. It also declared that the basis of all sovereignty rests most importantly in the nation. Additionally, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens not only grant these rights, but â€Å"trumpeted individual rights, the principle of equality and connected more closely the concept of the people with the nation† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 647). It is obvious that the document had great significance. Prior to the declaration, political and social situations raised questions that were often left unanswered, usually sparking tensions between government and society. France’s government was based on the old order, a monarchy system in which feudalism was practiced and aristocratic values were vital. Under such system, â€Å"legitimacy depended on the king’s will and maintenance of a historic order that granted privileges according to ranks and status† (Hunt, 15). The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens granted all people of the French society equality under the law, yet the content of those â€Å"true, inalienable natural rights of humanity† remained undefined (Hunt, 6). Several national assemblies were held, but not one of them acknowledged women’s political rights. Rather, all of those assemblies dodged granting women equal political rights. Women were still forbidden â€Å"the rights to meet as a group, draft grievances, or vote† (Hunt, 60). As a result, women, influenced by the declaration, debated for specific rights when â€Å"they saw the opening created by the convocation of the Estates General and hoped to make their claims for inclusion in the promised reform† (Hunt, 60). Between 1790 and 1791, members of a group called Cercle Social, formed by agitated omen, campaigned for equal political rights. Their campaign exposed discrimination against women that denied them equal rights in marriage and education. In that same year (1791), female activist Marie Olympe De Gouges issued the Declaration of the Rights of women in an effort to prove that women had been excluded from the promises of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. In her declaration, she requested that â€Å"The law should be the general will. All citizenesses and citizens should take part†¦in its formation. It must be the same for everyone. All citizenesses and citizens, being equal in its eyes, should be equally admissible to all public dignities, offices and employments† (Hunt, 27). She argued that women and men were born equal in rights. Therefore, women should have all those rights that a man enjoys such as holding public offices. However, all of these actions of the Parisian women soon increased the National Convention’s negativity towards women and their rights. From October 29-30, 1793, the National Convention held a discussion about women’s political clubs and abolished all women’s clubs. They claimed that women were â€Å"hardly capable of lofty conceptions and cogitations† because â€Å"their body and social role made them unsuited for public affairs† (Hunt, 29). Yet, they felt threatened by women’s organized political activities. The Age of Enlightenment significantly changed the fundamentals of European cultures, and French society during the eighteenth century. It took them away from their rituals of the old regime where government was dominated by monarchy. It formulated ideas on how the churches and the dynastic court systems could be reformed. The Enlightenment also influenced the establishment of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. However, fundamental questions about rights especially that of women, remained unanswered. The declaration did little to change the inferior status of women. â€Å"None of the national assemblies ever considered legislation granting political rights to women (who could neither vote nor hold office), and on a few occasions on which the possibility arose, however tentatively, the deputies greeted it with widespread derision and incredulity† (Hunt, 27).

Health Policy on Obesity in Relation to Mental Health Illness Essay

Health Policy on Obesity in Relation to Mental Health Illness - Essay Example The  World Health Organization  defines mental health as "a state of  well-being  in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community" (World Health Organisation, 2010). Obesity, where excess fat accumulates in the body, causes serious health problems like diabetes, liver and heart problems, and/or cancer, often also leads to mental illness in the affected person, thus producing an overall negative effect on human health. Data from the latest Health Survey for England (HSE) revealed that â€Å"in 2009, 61.3% of adults (aged 16 or over), and 28.3% of children (aged 2-10) in England were overweight or obese, of these, 23.0% of adults and 14.4% of children were obese. The Foresight report, Tackling Obesities: Future Choices project, published in October 2007, predicted that if no action was taken, 60% of men, 50% of women and 25% of children would be obese by 2050† (Department of Health, Obesity, 2011). ... ity to accord proper healthcare to all sections of the population, to spread awareness and educate the public through various promotions and programmes. In this context, the paper will examine the determinants of health, their relevance to health and well-being, and the impact of inequalities of health on individuals and populations, while analysing the impact of policies on public health and healthcare access, and the structure, organization and delivery of healthcare.   It will also evaluate the role of the nurse in the promotion of health with individuals, families and populations and first contact care, while using a health promotion framework to illustrate role of nurse Discussion The determinants of health, their relevance to health and well-being, and the impact of inequalities of health on individuals and populations: The surrounding environment and circumstances that one faces in his/her daily life, often decides the course of health of that particular individual. Differen t factors like family income, education, lifestyle, surrounding environment, interpersonal relationships, and genetics, all have a significant effect on health. On the other hand, certain commonly deliberated factors like the availability and use of health care services, tend to produce less impact on an individual’s health (WHO, Health Impact Assessment (HIA) - The determinants of health, 2011). According to WHO the determinants of health comprise of â€Å"the social and economic environment; the physical environment; and the person’s individual characteristics and behaviours† (ibid). Thus, we find that often the ambience/surroundings in a person’s life determines this/her health, and some of these determinants are quite beyond the direct control of an individual. Besides the

Marine Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marine Organisation - Essay Example Thus the situation today is not the same as the situation that was present a few earlier. The first step in the exercise is to determine what are marine operations and this can be given as the planning and execution of specific requirements for different purposes within marine areas for transferring of loads, towing of vessels, transports of special items through the seas, servicing of installations which are fixed with the sea and are referred to as off-shore installations, lifting of all types of material from within the sea and from the sea bed, operations which are carried out below the level of the seas and transit and positioning of mobile offshore units. (DNV Rules for Planning and Execution of Marine Operations) During the cases when the marine operations are important for the purpose of battle, one of the most important aspects are to ensure the supplies for the soldiers involved in the war, as was observed to be the case in Vietnam. (Humphries, 1999, p. 223) While the general feeling is that services of marines are restricted to operations on the sea, there are occasions when they are used on land. These also lead to unfortunate incidents as was the case in Haiti, which was occupied by a marine detachment, and on occasions they were even rushed by angry peasants armed with stones, machetes and clubs. (Schmidt, 1998, p.205) In the earlier years, there were different purposes for marine operations, and they were mainly conducted by the navies of the countries, whereas today, the efforts are to use marine forces which are a cross breed between the navy and the army. Their main function is anti-terrorism which involves taking action to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to attacks by terrorists. (Pushies, 2003, p. 34) The definition of marine operations is itself a little complex and certain matters have to be comprehended and fishing is a marine operation as it involves collection of fishes from within the sea. Carrying of goods in both tankers and large cargo vessels come within the limits of load transfer operations. All maritime places of work are also treated as a workplace under the laws of most countries, but all of them have different laws which are applicable in the case of accidents which take place during the process of work. (Occupational Health and Safety Programs) This makes it compulsory for the workers to be treated in the case of unfortunate events as per the laws of the country where the ship is registered as ships are considered to be a part of the country. This is the reason why most ships of different countries, meaning those with owners in other countries are still registered under some "flags of convenience" like Panama, Liberia, etc. The attempt is to avoid payment of high liabilities. At the same time, after the incident, the vessel will reach another port, and the country where it reaches is also permitted to ensure that workers on the ship receive "minimum human treatment". (Darling unveils Marine Environmental High Risk Areas) There are cases where ships have been auctioned off to pay the dues to the country and the workers on the ship. On the other side, when the ship reaches a port, the port is also a marine installation and this is covered

Chapter review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chapter review - Essay Example While the peacebuilding operations have gained pace, the studies with respect to the challenges and operations of peace building have also come into focus. They try to bring about therefore, a globalization of not merely the goods and services but the way a state should function. They promote democracy and free market mechanism. These standards are thus getting transmitted from the western regions (serving as the core) to the periphery (the nations undergoing reconstruction). This is the main point of argument in this research paper. The idea is not to proclaim that such globalization is not appropriate, but to focus on the perspectives of peacebuilding operations leading to promotion of a single kind of framework in terms of economy and administration. In this context, the activities of the peacebuilders might be related to the idea behind ‘mission civilisatrice’, which is the policy of civilizing the dependent countries followed by Europe during the colonial period. Th e analysis followed for the paper is qualitative in nature and secondary research method is followed to empirically show how the peace promoting organizations have promoted the liberal market democracies in the war-shattered nations. In the first section the author presents this empirical analysis and explains the mechanisms through which this process is put into action by the peacebuilders. In the second section the author first connects the idea of peacebuilding and that of ‘military civilisatrice’. Next, he associates peacebuilding operations with globalisation. The paper describes in the empirical analysis, how organizations like US Agency for International Development (USAID), The Organisation of American States (OAS) etc have promoted the western ideologies of liberal market democracy in peripheral countries like Namibia, Angola, Rwanda, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Cambodia,

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Globalization - Essay Example People belonging to a certain culture share the same language and other beliefs and their behaviour is shaped by culture. As such, I think it is important for people in different countries to know the impacts of globalisation on their culture. This subject is very important because it defines the identity of people and it distinguishes them from other groups. Therefore, there is need to preserve indigenous languages and culture for different communities in order to successfully fight the impacts of globalisation. The development of new information and communication such as the internet has contributed to the growth and development of aspects such as the economy. However, the same technology has also contributed to the erosion of other languages given that English is communicated to other marginalized communities and it is now being treated as the first language. This has caused problems to other languages given that they are slowly being eroded by other powerful languages. Language i s passed from generation to generation through the word of mouth and this communication strategy needs to be preserved if we are to preserve our indigenous languages which are being threatened by English in many societies. The erosion of English also entails the erosion of human knowledge as a result of marginalization of other smaller communities. This makes it difficult for such societies to preserve their knowledge which shapes their behaviour (Ostler, 2006). Language is therefore an important element in the fight against the effects of globalisation in different communities. In Haviland, there are two sections that address this issue of globalization as a result of expanding technology. In â€Å"Language and Communication† and â€Å"Global Changes and the Role of Anthropology,† language is seen as a precious resource that can be easily exploited by the dominant and powerful countries such as the English speaking nations as they are bent on imposing their language a s special over other languages (Haviland et al, 2009, p.162). As a result, the rise of globalisation has caused different reactions from other countries which have realised its threats especially to the survival of their own languages. In many countries, the people have realised the importance of their own language which is facing erosion by English which is now communicated to different countries. For instance, in France, there is a growing concern for preserving the French language and this has led the government to launch a campaign to promote the language such as le hamburger and e-mail (Haviland et al, 2009, p. 170). In the United States, the â€Å"English only† campaign amounts to preservation of their interests where many citizens â€Å"seek to shape or transform not only their towns but also†¦the entire country by electing politicians committed to forging a national culture based on what they see as American patriotism, English-only legislation, and traditional Christian values† (Haviland et al, 2009, p. 334).In other countries, language may be seen as the most important way to maintain a sense of national identity. In either event, Haviland’s examination of language in terms of socio-linguistics, which studies the relationship between language and society as well as ethno-linguistics, whi

Doctrine of Separation of powers in Australia Essay

Doctrine of Separation of powers in Australia - Essay Example It is evident that â€Å"separation of powers† limits the control and authority of each arm. This is because when power is divisible between the three branches of government, a division that is too strong or manipulative lacks. Notably, none of these branches is entirely separate from the other. The three arms of government are interdependent and connective (Patapan, 2000). Separation of powers The Commonwealth Constitution provides for separation of legislative, judicial and executive power. The high court separated judicial power from both executive and legislative in several cases involving constitutional matters. The courts are not allowed to separate the authority exercised by the legislature and executive. A useful example of separation of power in commonwealth countries is Australia. The authors of the Australian constitution borrowed this concept from both the American and British constitution. This enabled them to devise a document called Hybrid constitution (Coper & Williams, 2001). The Australian constitution draws distinctions between the legislative, executive and judicial powers. This means that, in accordance with the commonwealth governance, the branch that abuses power can have its actions declared illegal by a court. The parliament is also the legislative organ in the Australian constitution. Its role is to make, review and amend laws. It comprises of a House of Representative members who are also the lawmakers. The executive comprises of ministries that help to put the laws into action. The ministers and permanent secretaries oversee the executive. The judiciary is mandated to make laws and judgements on issues affecting the country. It is made of the federal courts and high courts. The executive is selected by parliament while governor-generals who are also members of parliament appoint the judiciary (judges) with the principle of separation of powers, (Patapan, 2000). Commonwealth judicial officers have a security of tenure. However, the judicial officers retire at seventy. It is equally evident that the executive makes the appointments. After appointing the officials, their names are gazetted to make it official. The executive can dismiss judicial officers through Governor-General after approval by the parliament. The officers can be fired if they misbehave or are unable to perform (Lee, 2003). Benefits and issues The system of power separation is the main standard of governance in Australia. It is effective in checking corruption and power misuse in the government. This is because it eliminates the concept of monopoly by dividing power to the different organs. This is because each group operates within its area of jurisdiction to keep check on the status and actions of the other group. (Lee, 2003).The coalition works towards the maintenance of support from the majority members of house representatives. This enables them to stay in the government. It also provides a valid check on the executive by ensuring res ponsibility to parliament. The theory of power separation guides the government into implementing and managing the state laws. This results in responsible government that is imperative to maintaining the government. The principle of â€Å"separation of powers† is associated with fair governance. The separation in Australia is not strict as it works towards the building of essential democratic concepts

Declarations of Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Declarations of Freedom - Essay Example   In the declaration of freedom, Elizabeth Cady Stanton writes about the declaration of Sentiments, in which she airs the sentiments of women in the fight for recognition and freedom. This was presented at the Women’s Rights Convention held in Seneca Falls, in New York. In this conference attended by about three hundred people, only one hundred signed for the declaration. To elaborate further misunderstanding or less of it for the women’s plight, those who signed for it did so after it was revised and corrected. There are reasons that encouraged women to sit and jot down these sentiments. Among these are the misrepresentations in the legislative front, the fact that is fostered by their being denied elective rights. Men, also infringed on women’s rights to ownership of property as well as their right to pursue quality higher education, which left women under their control and mercy. Women, because of this oppression, felt worthless with little or no confidence in themselves. Men who struggle to dominate them in every aspect of life have trashed their self-respect. This renders women completely willing to live dependent on men and abjectly at that. It is because of these reasons that the declaration of sentiments was unveiled in the Women’s Right Convention. From the above points on discrimination of women, it is clear that the rights of women are not prioritized as compared to those of men. The latter group enjoys all the elective and representational rights that exist in the society. In addition, they also define what is considered okay for women to do, as well as what is not right. In the Cuban culture, women were similarly discriminated against just like in America before the united colonies gained their independence. This was before the revolution, 1959. Women were required to perform their roles as wives and homemakers, as opposed to being educated and independent individuals. For those who had the privilege of going to school , their academic potential was limited (Cuba Solidarity). They were required to give up their academic dreams for the sake of caring for their families.     

Teaching Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching Plan - Essay Example Therefore, here learning will occur through teaching by word of mouth and will be supplemented by power-point slides that will have several pictures (Mayer, 2002). Goal: Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) objective(s) utilized as the goal for the teaching. Include the appropriate objective number and rationale for using the selected HP2020 objective (use at least one objective from one of the 24 focus areas). The rationale for choosing this objective is that it targets adults especially those over 65 years of age. AF mostly affects this age group. Therefore, the objective will serve this teaching appropriately. The above HP2020 Objective relates to Alma Ata’s Health for All Global initiatives in that Alma Ata calls for the protection and promotion of all people around the world. This objective does so by targeting adults who are a risk age group in terms of their exposure to health related risks. Example – Interactive poster presentation of the Food Pyramid. After an explanation of the poster and each food category, allow students to place pictures of foods on the correct spot on the pyramid. Also, have the class analyze what a child had for lunch by putting names of foods on the poster and discussing what food group still needs to be eaten throughout day. I will evaluate my teaching plan right from the beginning of the lesson. This will be done through questions and an the topic from the beginning of the lesson, as the lesson progresses and at the end of

Egyptian Mummies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Egyptian Mummies - Essay Example The demand for this product led to the need to for an alternative. This led to the use of the Egyptian mummies, which also had a black appearance. This appearance created a belief that they had â€Å"similar properties to munia.†2 This led to the use of these Egyptians historical materials during the mediaeval and the following times as a medicine ingredient. Since, mummy has been used to refer to these bodies. Even though the mummies were initially used for medicinal purposes, the Egyptian used them because they had a belief that one lives after death. Mummies were the results of the mummification process. This is a process by which Egyptians preserved their bodies in preparation for afterlife. The process began by the priest removing the brain through a process of embalming through the nose. This was by the use of a hook. The brain was seen as insignificant and, therefore, it was disposed. Next, an incision was developed inside a corpse to remove other internal organs. Significant organs were cleaned and treated with the use of palm water, myrrh and frankincense. These organs include the liver, intestines, stomach and lungs. It is the heart in which they believed that spirit that they referred to as â€Å"ka† lived. This made them to leave thus organ in the body. These significant organs and the body were loaded in Natron to draw moisture and prevent bacteria. The drying process was made possible by the hot climate. The natron was removed at the end of 40 days and the body covered with ointments to prevent the smell. The c avity was filled with linen to maintain its shape and then covered with strips of linen. This then resulted into a mummy. Mummifying the body was significant in ensuring that a person’s wandering spirit, which was referred to as â€Å"Ba†, would determine its respective body when it returns. To them Ba could be referred to as a person’s personality. Conversely,

Quantitative Research Design Essay Example for Free

Quantitative Research Design Essay Business research is, arguably, founded on the study of social interactions within the realm of commerce and trade. Until recently, such research has seen staunch counter-position of two research paradigms: quantitative and qualitative, the first deriving from positivism, the latter from interventionism. Indeed, the positions taken by individual researchers vary considerably between those like Bryman (1988) who argues for a â€Å"best of both worlds† approach by suggesting that qualitative and quantitative approaches be combined to those of scholars like Hughes (1997) whom counteracts by stating that such technicist solutions underestimate the politics of legitimacy that are associated with the choice of methods. It is the purpose of this essay to analyze these two research frameworks highlighting the positive aspects as well as the flaws and limits, and highlighting the rise of what is often referred to as the â€Å"mixed† method. All of this will be seen within a business contest. Specifically, looking at the author’s proposed future research in the realm of commercial negotiations, the arguments presented will reflect this sphere of research. Quantitative and qualitative research are based on different philosophical approaches and methodologies. Quantitative research derives from neo-positivist philosophy which underlines the belief in the presence of an absolute truth as its core foundation. This perspective of seeing the world translates in the utilization of research approaches founded on scientific analysis through statistical elaborations and mathematical models. The qualitative approach by contrast, does not highlight the presence of absolute truths but rather truths which are dependent on the particular perspective from which a phenomenon is observed through. This off-course entails that qualitative research is undertaken primarily through the adoption of narrative and logical deduction. These differences appear encapsulated in Best Khan’s (1989: 90-90) statement: â€Å"Quantitative research consists of those studies in which the data concerned can be analysed in terms of numbers†¦Research can also be quantitative, that is, it can describe events, persons and so forth scientifically without the use of numerical data†¦Quantitative research is more open and responsive to its subject. † From a first glance, it appears clear that there are substantial differences between the quantitative and qualitative approaches. Indeed, the way data is obtained, the flexibility in methodological application, the objective and subjective nature of the results obtained, are just a few of the most evident points of contrast. Such contracts has resulted in what has been defined as the â€Å"paradigm wars† which has highlighted and emphasized the incompatibility of the two approaches. For a protracted period of time the quantitative approach has been seen the best form of research for two main sets of reason. Firstly, scientific progress in the last century has projected the notion of the scientific approach as the most apt for explaining the world around us. Secondly, the advent of the â€Å"information age† from the 1980’s has seen the ability of elaborating a vast amount of data electronically thus further promoting the scientific approach as the best method to adopt for research. Recently however, the divide between the quantitative and qualitative has diminished to the point of many scholars advocating a debate on the merits of a mixed research methodology utilizing the strengths of both schools of thought. Indeed, the quest for obtaining the best possible research result has seen a reconceptualization of research methods with an integration of the two main philosophies which may be used to converge and convalidate (defined as â€Å"triangulation†), refute data or indeed inform new paths of enquiry. Indeed, research papers today often contain statistical data derived from the quantitative methodology which is then presented and formulated in interviews which put the data into the â€Å"real-world† perspective. The integration of the two approaches also makes sense when one starts to look at the commonalities between them. Indeed, both approaches share the following characteristics: -Research project design -Identification of information -Information management -Analysis of data -Empirical observations There are many other characteristics which instead differentiate quantitative and qualitative research, but a growing group of scholars are now perceiving these differences as positive in that they may reinforce rather than detract from each other. This is often referred to as â€Å"triangulation† and I believe this to be of paramount importance within the context of business research. Indeed, just like the integrated approach, the business sphere also is a mixture and fusion of statistics, and â€Å"hard† financial data in conjunction with â€Å"softer† narrative explanations derived from interviews, and focus groups. Delving even more specifically into my proposed realm of research which centers around the commercial negotiation methodologies adopted in multicultural environments and frontier markets, the integrated approach is, in my opinion, the only approach capable of providing a true and accurate framework for developing such research. This claim is further upheld if one considers the eleven ways in which it is possible to combine qualitative and quantitative research methods: 1)Logic of triangulation in which the findings from one type of study can be checked against the findings from the other type as above highlighted; 2)Facilitation of qualitative research for quantitative research. In this instance the qualitative research informs the quantitative method by providing essential background information and a context; 3)Facilitation of quantitative research for qualitative research. In this occurrence quantitative research methodology helps to inform the qualitative one by providing a filter and narrowing down the subjects which merit further investigation. 4)Quantitative and qualitative approaches are combined into one thereby furnishing a more in-depth analysis. 5)Structure process.

A great earthquake Essay Example for Free

A great earthquake Essay The magnitude 8. 8 earthquake that occurred a month ago in Chile, as well as the impending tsunami along the Pacific Rim is the product of a fortuitous event. These are events which cannot be foreseen or which though foreseen are inevitable. The quake struck at 3:34 a. m. in central Chile. The capital Santiago is about 200 miles from the epicenter and Concepcion, Chile’s second-largest metropolitan area, is roughly 70 miles from the quake’s center. A magnitude of 8. 0 or greater is classified as a great earthquake which results to communities being destroyed. The 8. 8 magnitude earthquake in Chile has killed lesser people compared to the 7. 0 magnitude that struck Haiti on January 12 that killed more than 200,000 people. It was 32 times the energy higher and 64 times greater than what took place in Haiti. The difference in the death toll lies in the buildings’ structures and their construction. Unless a building is designed and engineered specifically to withstand an 8. 0 or greater earthquake it’s going to sustain considerable damage. Even buildings that are well built sustain significant damage. Buildings that are poorly built are completely destroyed. Chile, being a more industrialized nation came up with more stringent building codes. By designing a more flexible structure, we can lessen the effect of the disaster. It makes the buildings slide or sway but not crumble to the ground. Engineers who work on earthquake resistant buildings said that current technologies prevent well-designed buildings from cracking when the ground shakes beneath them Natural disasters such as floods, tsunami and earthquakes do occur. There is nothing we can do to prevent it. However, there is something we can do to lessen its impact. Earthquakes alone don’t actually kill people; it is the collapsed structures that do the damage. Disaster preparedness as well as earthquake-proof buildings are the keys to lessen the impact of such disaster.

Risk Management Plan For A Bakery Business Management Essay

Risk Management Plan For A Bakery Business Management Essay After Graduation I want to pursue my career as a Bakery Business Entrepreneur. Food is one of the basic essentials of life therefore a proper industrial bakery channel is likely to yield high profits. The business has great potential for expansion as by starting off with a small industry I can make retail and wholesale stores. How dubious the economic situation may be this business generally keeps on moving if quality standards are maintained. My bakery will offer all sorts of breads, muffins, pastries, cakes etc. with special attention for catering to the needs of gluten allergy sufferers. Before starting my own business Ill survey present bakeries operating in the country, analyze the success rate of the most valued existing franchises and then hire professional bakers on the basis of merit. Risk Management Plan: A successful risk management initiative should be proportionate to the level of risk in the organization (as related to the size, nature and complexity of the organization), aligned with other corporate activities, comprehensive in its scope, embedded into routine activities and dynamic by being responsive to changing circumstances (IRM, 2010). Following is the brief description of risk management plan that Ill adopt once my business swings into action. My plan will begin with the process of risk assessment that aims to make employers more apt for taking the right action in terms of improving workplace production, safety, health, etc. therefore let us discuss the major risks associated with the development of a baking industry. Property Risks that could arise from ownership or renting: Normally all entrepreneurs suffer three kinds of losses: the property loss which could be direct or indirect, the liability loss and income loss concerned with employees unforeseen predicaments. Direct property loss may occur due to calamities like fire, thunderstorm, theft etc. In bakeries equipment and surroundings is often at risk of catching fire. In case of catastrophe, specialized waste management firms might be contacted to clear the debris and the firm would have to continue daily activities in a temporary accommodation. Companys statistical records would be saved elsewhere to avoid major losses. Indirect property losses may result in renovation of the damaged property e.g. the factory in baked items are made, paying transport vans rentals after the vehicle was stolen etc. In order to avoid such issues my businesss property would be properly insured so that any loss from unforeseen events could be compensated. An insurance agent will provide checklists to help identify total property loss. All information regarding site ownership and purchased price documents would be kept handy (Dorfman, 1998, p. 68). Liability Risks: Liability insurance is one of the most important steps while launching a business that is often overlooked. Product liability occurs when a firms products allegedly injure the public. Environmental impairment liability arises from violating federal or state statutes designed to protect the environment, or from lawsuits from parties claiming injury caused by a firms improper handling of toxic substances(Dorfman, 1998, p.51). As the chief owner my business will include employers liability, public liability, stock, building, vans and money insurance. Product liability and other quality related issues will require the services of an attorney to make sure that the procedures are standardized, this will surely put up extra cost but it is worth all the effort as a little mistake is likely to destabilize business. Proper insurance of the bakery business is essential. To get my bakery franchise legalized, Ill have to abide by government regulations like obtaining a bakery license regulated by the state. E.g. In California Bakery Licences are issued by the Department of Alcoholic Beverages. In order to avoid any risks Ill obtain a business license LLC and a Tax i.d. number. A Foot Handler permit would be needed by employees of the bakery. Another essential step is the hygiene factor. From raw material till the transportation of bakery items special care is needed. For food safety management, government has launched specific standards like the Food Legislation (Local and EU legislation), GMP that stands for Good Manufacturing Practices, Good Hygiene Practices (GHP). The quality of bakery items should be in accordance with the Quality management international system like the ISO 9001, ISO 22000, BRC and others (Ehavald, 2009). Auto Risks: Auto insurance compensates the financial losses if the vehicle undergoes an accident while in business use e.g. while transporting of bakery products. My bakery business would be auto risk insured before hand. Insurance company will provide property, medical and liability finance in case of auto risk occurrence. Property financing would be given in case the transport vehicle is stolen by theft. Liability coverage compensates the damage done to others as a legal responsibility. Medical expenses will be paid for the funeral, lost salary or injury treatments of employees who suffered in the accident. The agreement with the insurance company includes specified regular payments made by the employer (Dorfman, 1998, p.272). OSHA concerns: OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act) is a federal law brought into action in 1970. Its main aim was to ensure a safe working environment for the employees. OSHA creates two duties for employers. One is to remove all recognized hazards from the work environment. The second is to comply with the standards for a safe working environment as published in the Bulletin from The Department of Labor(Dorfman, 1998, p.272). OSHA inspectors take on-site reviews and in case of violation heavy fines are charged to the employer. In order to manage this risk my business manager will keep a detailed record of any occupational hazards that resulted in severe injury or death of an employ. Lessons will be learnt to avoid future incidents. For new workers training will be provided for using potential risk equipment with care like sharp knives and electrical machinery. Harassment Issues: Harassment encompasses hostile work environment or sexual harassment. US Department of Labor revealed that over 16,000 cases of harassment are reported each year. Claims can be created by men, women, co-workers, managers, customers, owners, vendors and others(Dorfman, 1998, p.126). My business will be an equal opportunity for both genders. Any kind of harassment reported to the authorities would be dealt with severe penalties for future concerns. In every department whether its sales or production, women will be allowed to work on the basis of merit. Age Discrimination: The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) protects certain applicants and employees 40 years of age and older from discrimination on the basis of age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, or terms, conditions or privileges of employment. The ADEA is enforced by the  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (Solis, Hilda L, 2010). Civil Rights Act of 1964  prohibits discrimination in hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, referral, and other aspects of employment, on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. This law is also implemented by the  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (Solis, Hilda L, 2010). Keeping in view the existing laws, retirement age in my business firm would be sixty. Young skilled employees will be welcomed to join the team. Discrimination due to disability: Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits employers of 15 or more workers, employment agencies, and labor organizations of 15 or more workers from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities (Solis, Hilda L, 2010). Group Disability Income Insurance: Compensation is to be granted if an employee is disabled by a work related accident. Although workers compensation benefits are rarely adequate, they do ensure economic security for the workers family (Dorfman, 1998, p.501). Long term disability benefits will be insured and remain applicable until a specified age of 60. As Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits state and local governments from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in programs, activities, and services therefore employees with mobility or speech impairments could be adjusted in dealing with the technological affairs like managing websites or dealing with the customers on telephone. The report on European Agency for safety at work states that the physical working environment should suit the employees with disabilities. In addition to the above mentioned OSH Legislations my working conditions would take into account that flooring, stairways should be slip resistant. Ergonomic Principles will be kept in mind while designing the business firm (Amelie Buffet Marie Priha Eero, 2009, p.24). Employer/Employee Issue: Keeping in mind the importance of human capital, my business will involve a well organized workforce. Suggestions would be accepted from the workers regarding quality improvement and managing teamwork. All employees must be trained yearly. Work shops or seminars would be arranged from time to time to keep the bakery updated with the latest technology for baking. Benefits for the Personnel: The personnel policies of the firm would be made keeping in mind the state laws governing in the present scenario. Health insurance would be provided to all workers as part of the employee benefit plan. A baker working by the hour can make anywhere from $8 to $14 per hour on average with an annual salary ranging from $15,000 to $20,000 each year. A baker can require higher pay depending on education, experience and geographical location (Ehavald, 2009). Before my bakery will set into operation, Ill be having six months period of operating costs setback. During that time due to sudden immense expenditure being spent on security deposits and construction, advertising, permits and licenses as well as startup inventory I might not be able to give extra facilities to my employees but after that trial period, once the business is off and running, all remuneration issues will be finalized to keep my employees motivated. How to handle personal issues: Employment practices liability describes the loss potential arising from lawsuits from employees alleging wrongful hiring, promotion, demotion, termination and sexual harassment (Dorfman, 1998, p.51). Hiring an Employee: My business firm will gather in advance as much information about the applicants as possible in order to reduce the risk of negligent hiring. Federal and state anti discrimination laws will be kept in mind during the hiring process. After selecting an employee through proper channel of employment applications he would be assigned work tasks within the firm. Terminating an Employee: It may happen that the selected employee does not come up to the companys expectations. Liabilities involved in terminating an employee might mean invading the companys privacy, reputational risks are also involved. Therefore performance appraisals during job hours and an exit evaluation form offered by the firm would answer the reason for termination of the employee that would be in accordance to the current state laws to avoid any hindrance in the business flow (Amelie Buffet Marie Priha Eero, 2009). Dealing with Fraud: The firm will have a clear contingency plan for fraud. The responsible employee would be held accountable to compensate his misconduct or in severe case he might even be expelled from the job (Sadgrove, 2005, p.266). External reporting to stake holders: External reporting should provide useful information to stakeholders on the status of risk management and the actions that are being taken to ensure continuous improvement in performance. Firms need to report to its stakeholders on a regular basis, setting out its risk management policies and the effectiveness in achieving its objectives. Increasingly, stakeholders look to organisations to provide evidence of appropriate corporate behaviour in such areas as community affairs, human rights, employment practices, health and safety, and the environment(IRM, 2010). Identifying the risks factors beforehand will help to prevent crisis. The business firm will develop polices to handle risk situations and managers will be appointed in each department to monitor the major risk areas. Quality would be a major detriment in the success of my firm. I hope that once this risk management plan is activated risk losses will reduce to a minimum and profitability is forecasted to occur within a couple of months. Work cited: Amelie Buffet Marie Priha Eero(2009) Workforce Diversity and Risk Assessment: Ensuring everyone is covered. Retrieved at: http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/TE7809894ENC Dorfman Mark S(1998).Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance 6th Edition. Prentice Hall. Ehavald Helen (2009) Food Safety Risk Management In Bakeries. 3rd SaFoodnet seminar. Retrieved at: http://newananas.vtt.fi/virtual/safoodnet/tallinn/15ehavald.pdf. Sadgrove Kit (2005) The complete guide to business risk management 2nd edition. Gower Publishing.Ltd. Solis Hilda L (2010).United States Department of Labour. Retrieved at: http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/discrimination/agedisc.htm. A structured approach to enterprise risk management (ERM) and the requirements of ISO 31000 (2010). Retrieved at: http://www.theirm.org/documents/SARM_FINAL.pdf. How to start a bakery business. Insights to getting started (2010). Retrieved at: http://www.atouchofbusiness.com/tips/ideas/BakeryBusiness-0015.html

Guns and Violence Essay -- Argument Argumentative Weapons Arms Essays

Guns and Violence School shootings, gang violence, drive by shootings, murder, and thousands of acts of violence are committed every day. Members of our society criticize their own people for this violence while they continue to sit back and do nothing about it. These acts of violence have many contributing factors. Violence in our country today is escalating because we don't control the distribution of the guns sold. There are not enough restrictions on guns sold legally. The illegal purchase of guns through the black market is out of control. There is not enough education on the usage and storage of guns. There are not many restrictions on the distributions of guns. Guns are sold to any one who is of eighteen years of age or older. There is another restriction; it is called the waiting period. Any one who is willing to wait three to five days to receive their gun can purchase one. The government enforced this law to allow time for the person who is buying the gun to calm down, or come to another resolution than violence. The fact that there are little restrictions on the purchasing of guns leads to much bigger problems. Problems such as school shootings. Many people do not store their guns correctly and this allows children to come in contact with these guns. This often leads to violence. Whether this violence occurs in schools, on the playground, in the streets, or in the children's own bedroom. The guns sold legally to ...

Gender-Based Notions of Homoerotic Love: Sappho and Plato’s Symposium

Gender-Based Notions of Homoerotic Love: Sappho and Plato’s Symposium The poetry of Sappho, and the speeches in Plato’s Symposium both deal primarily with homoerotic love, although Sappho, one of the only female poets in Ancient Greece, speaks from the female perspective, while Plato’s work focuses on the nature of this love between men. There are several fundamental elements that are common to both perspectives, including similar ideals of youth and beauty, and the idea of desire as integral to both views on love. Despite these similarities, however, there is an important distinction, which can be understood in terms of Pausanias’ concepts of Common versus Celestial Love, where Sappho’s view represents Common Love, and the larger view of Symposium represents Celestial Love. While Sappho’s work is very much grounded in the physical realm, Plato emphasizes that true love is centralized in the mind, and that it is an intellectual and philosophical phenomenon. Pausanias, who delivers Symposium’s second speech, explains some of the societal norms governing male homoerotic affairs. The rules by which a lover (an older man) and his boyfriend (a young man who has probably not yet grown his beard) may behave are rigid, and strongly enforced by the society’s moral code. Pausanias reveals that the convention of this relationship is pursuer/pursued: â€Å"our society encourages the lovers to chase their boyfriends, and their boyfriends to run away: this enables us to find out whether a given lover and his beloved are good or bad† (184a). Pausanias emphasizes the moral element further when he discusses the circumstances under which it is acceptable to gratify a lover. It is acceptable when â€Å"the ... ...otional) need of a lover. Sappho, who represents female homoeroticism, and Plato, who’s Symposium addresses many aspects of male homoerotic love, share some fundamental aspects of love, but their views and objectives are largely different. The latter’s goal is essentially intellectual satisfaction, while the former’s is more directly linked with physical beauty and desire for physical closeness, not characterized by grand moral and intellectual ideals. This is not to say that the love between Sappho and her lovers, was solely based on sexual desire. It is certainly wrong to assume that, in light of the Symposium’s perspective, they were mindless, sex-driven lesbians. I would argue, rather, that this love, is more real, more common, and more universally accessible, whereas the love in Symposium is highly specialized, and accessible exclusively to men.

Culture Essay -- Anthropology, Durkheim, Functionalism

Throughout the complex yet recognised studies upon sociological phenomena, the term ‘culture’ continues to astound anthropological revisions. Whether or not a definition of ‘culture’ can be determined, or merely the exact forces which bring about such an abstract entity, the concept that culture exists can be acknowledged with focus to structural functionalism. The precise justification for culture itself began to enlighten anthropologists such as Durkheim, who in turn has encouraged studies from Malinowski and Parsons for instance. Still, existing theories suggest intensely dynamic and multifaceted definitions of ‘culture’, those of which ‘explain’ culture with various stances. Within contemporary studies, culture itself is often implied using the notion of functionalism. Durkheim outlines a society as a functional culture; both culture and society encompass systems and institutions which determine their own intentions (Durkheim, 1982). Each institution in a culture or society is a portrayal of the exact functions they have in that specific culture or society. Structural functionalism represents a paradigm of reality which interconnects the facets of civilisation and social order (Parsons, 1973). What’s more, it is these interrelations which may define culture as a system of collective purposes. Those specific purposes are determined by the civilisation of which they are present, thus often localised. Malinowski developed interpretations of functionalism in order to avoid ethnocentric ethnographies, and his work emphasises the impression that biological needs of a community are the forces which generate culture (Malinowski, 1944). The needs of a society encourage the development of institutions which function to fulf... ...xtent to which culture can be explained is very limited. A cultural system entitles the recognition of moral codes, survival mechanisms, cognition and an interaction with the environment. Durkheim revolutionised anthropological thoughts amongst sociological theory but the phenomena of ‘culture’ can scarcely be defined. An explanation of culture may encompass the notion that a specific set of views and behaviours will be adopted by a people and they will respond in certain ways, which is their culture. It is a form of society and believing which deviates towards a state of equilibrium; a state which will incorporate shared ideals and morality. The mere complexity and dynamic structure of culture ensures difficulty when explaining the concept; without properly being able to distinguish what culture is, one is also unable to determine its meaning and purpose.

Analysing Adaptation of Sherlock According to Different Times Essay

The producers adapted a most suitable extent of sources after film come into the world ,it includes classic-novels from eighteenth-century to nineteenth- century ,horror film ,love story ,feature story and Dracula movie. The episodes Sherlock belongs to detective series and it is based on the great novel Sherlock Holmes which is written by Conan Doyle. This essay will demonstrates how the programme-makers adapt original novel to episode and widen people’s horizons about Sherlock Holmes in new century . Adaptation has draw critical notice for over sixty years and media often make comparison between a film and its original writer ,so the script of Sherlock is a big challenge for its writers Steven Moffat ,Mark Gatiss(who is acting as Mycroft Holmes ,the brother of Sherlock Holmes) and Steve Thompson. The extract I focus on is from 00:10:00 to 00:15: 00 in series 1 ,episode 3 ,Sherlock. And the name of this episode is called The Great Game which is originally called â€Å"The Five Orange Pips, one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the fifth of the twelve stories in the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. † (Wallechinsky, D & Wallace, I 2012) Writers move Sherlock from Victorian era in 19th century to nowadays means that many details must be replaced by the changing of times. Like five orange pips has been shifted to five mobile rings in this abstract. Famous books have thought value and artistic charm through the veil of time. But they still have limitations according to specific writers and times. Thus writers should use modern view to take a new look at advantages and disadvantages of famous books in adaptation . On one hand ,the writers of Sherlock unearths inherent thought value and artistic value. On the other hands ,they work hardly to overcome all kinds of restrictions on account of history era or original writer. Initially ,The most successful and charming point in original works is the invention of deduction from Sherlock Holmes. For example, there is a deduction from Sherlock Holmes at 00:12:10 in extract . The most valuable and memorable thing in novel is that Sherlock Holmes can deduct a fact from very small details and writers of Sherlock inherit this treasure. This is how the writers of Sherlock unearths inherent thought value and artistic value. Secondly ,There are many cases of how writers break various of restrictions because of different ages. For instance, killers only can sent five orange pips as warning to the victim because the communication is not quite developed in victorian age. Furthermore ,technology is being gradually advanced today . Few of English familys have telephones at victorian time. The main communication tool is Telegram and letters at that time. so it is much convenient for criminal and Sherlock Holmes to have interaction. Like dialogue in the extract at 00:13:14 said that some secret societies used to send dried melon seeds, orange pips ,things like that-five pips. This is in order to keep up with the times and it has not distorted the original author’s intention but grasp the nature of original works. No matter five orange pips or five ringtones ,they both indicate that the murder is going to happen again . Here is another case in point is that the blog of John Waston replace John Waston’s diary in Sherlock. Like the dialogue in the extract at 00:12:28 ,Sherlock Holmes ask Lestrade: â€Å"Study in the Pink† ? You read his blog? And Lestrade answer that :Of course . we all do. The blog record the details of every single story about Sherlock Holmes, while the dairy need to be re-edit into a book in original work. And after published ,readers could read it , which means that readers have to wait for a long-term and need to pay for the book. However, the blog from DR. Waston could update everyday and the readers could scan blog free of charge. Criminal send a picture to Sherlock at 00:13:04 in extract. It conveys information more clearly because of new technology. The letter within 5 orange pips which was sent from different harbors in novel and it becomes the crime scene which criminal Moriarty told to Sherlock. Sherlock and Dr. Wasten go to visit police station by taxi at 00:11:01 in extract and they always go by carriage in original novel . This adaptation has improved the efficiency of solving a case. There is a scene of the home where Sherlock live in at the time of 00:10:48 in extract. The decoration of Sherlock’s home accord with the feature of Sherlock Holmes. Although there is no kerosene lamp in Sherlock ,it still depict a faithful figure of Sherlock Holmes ,not live in a too rustic or too modern place. Wang Liu said that â€Å"there are six styles of adaptation and each of them are transplant ,excerpts, concentrate ,comprehending means ,comprehending means flexible and compound. †(Wang, 2000,p. 359-361) Sherlock belongs to comprehending means ,in other word ,writers have inspiration from original works and rebuild the story but keep primary figures and scene in it. Sherlock is a faithful adaptation even if it is in different times. That is because it inherit inherent thought value and artistic value from original work. A faithful adaptation is not definitely faithful to original novels. They just should faithful to original theme ,the personalities of the characters and understanding of plot. â€Å"Holmes is tall and lean, with piercing eyes and a hawklike nose, because that is the way his friend and amanuensis ,Dr. John H. Watson, describes him in A Study in Scarlet, The first of the four short novels and fifty-six short stories in which Arthur Conan Doyle introduce him to the world. (Leitch, 2007 ,p. 208)The actor of Sherlock Holmes in Sherlock episode is Benedict who is suitable to Sherlock’s disposition. The only insufficient is that the episode has not represent another personality of Sherlock Holmes who is not only a consult detective but also a fighter who is skillful at various kinds of martial arts and is often the winner between fighting with criminals in novel. Sherlock Holmes is always in a weak position when fighting with criminals in episode. However, it violate the original ideal of Conan Doyle. To sum up, the writers of Sherlock comprehend the theme of original novel generally. Although they put Sherlock Holmes into modern life in 21st century, they unearths inherent thought value and artistic value and working hardly to break different restrictions in terms of original writers and times. The creative and succession should be approved ,but it still has a little bit flaw need to be correct. Overall, Sherlock belongs to comprehending means . It is a faithful adaptation because it is faithful to original theme ,the personalities of the characters and understanding of plot.

Childrens Friendships And Learning In School Education Essay

I gift chosen a seek article which is Children s Friendships and Learning in School Cognitive Enhancement by dint of and through Social Interaction? This article was written by Peter Kutnick from Education look into Centre, University of Brighton and Alison Kington from School of Education, University of Nottingham.The capitulum subject of this research article is cognitive sufferment. Both of the authors did the research because they wanted to look into about befools s societal dealingss, whether it finish come up their psychic and believing procedure or non. at any rate, they in like manner wanted to power the effectivity of the cognitive undertakings on kids s cognitive degree.Harmonizing to Kutnick and Kington, the of importee legal opinion of this research is to reexamine the issues of classroom- base genial descent couplings the pupils depart go(p) their human beings video dis crop increasingly on a cognitive undertaking than familiarity coupling. For t his issue, it at any rate considers nearly factors or grounds such as sex, be on and kids s degree of cogency. Besides, it is anyhow to manoeuver the effectivity of the classroom- ground friendship couplings among the pupils. In add-on, it is besides to look into the characteristics of initiate- found affectionate affinity evince by immature kids.The survey was under sustainn in the summer term of the discipline twelvemonth. For the information Reasoning Tasks ( SRTs ) , there were 72 kids from a unproblematic school in western London carried out the undertakings. The school was obtaining from a assorted spieling and middle-class community, and catagorised as co-ed school. Besides, the participants were selected sociometrically, chiefly with regard to social relationship and twelvemonth in school which is Year 1, 3 and 5. In this undertaking, the kids were precondition opportunities to represent their ain couplings based on their age sept in school every functio n good as based on their assure in join forcesing. Couplings ar represented accessible relationship ( versus familiarity ) , sex which argon manlike and womanish couplings and their age kids in eld 1, 3 and 5 in the primary school. It besides represented their ability which from apiece one dyad stand foring a high, in- surrounded by and busted- confirmed by the instructor judgement and based on national head for the hills of study English and Mathematics criterions.In this article, the positive effects of lucky relationship on cognitive development ar presented by two theoretical attacks. initiatory is from Pia cutian correct. Doise & A Mugny ( 1971 ) and Perret-Clermont ( 1984 ) , stated that the mutuality of equals working together on a common job al humbleds them to decide differences between their positions, which enhances the cognitive apprehension of each kid ( whether through cognitive spit out, taging or almost different(a) societal procedures ) . In add-on, Piaget, 1932 asserted that interdependence is assumed to contact topographical send in conjunct relationships. In short, based on above, we can reason that dissimilar pupils ask incompatible thoughts and sentiments, so when this happened, they result discourse it together among themselves. For illustration, they may communicate inquiries like why you province the thought? and how this thought is related to the undertaking? Therefore, this struggle get out assist them to better their cognitive degree.The 2nd theory is from Vygotsky. Harmonizing to Kutnick ( 2005 ) , Vygotsky immerseed that interpersonal relationships atomic number 18 necessary for the development of juvenile cognition and accomplishments, and that it is choice relationships ( that integrate positions with combine and support ) that provide the scaffold for cognitive sweetening . Briefly, quality relationship is the chief support for cognitive sweetening.Qualitative and three-fig ure methods were used by Kutnick and Kington in this research. For duodecimal method, it tough quasi-experimental design. The intents of the design ar to cadency mated normal de simply on SRTs every bit good as to compare their public presentation based on friendly relationship and familiarity, gender and ability. Besides that, cognitive undertaking was involved in this research. To promote pupils engagement, the undertaking has to be hard to analyze, understand or work out. It besides essential let the spouses to take a assortment of point of position and show the undertakings as a job. Furthermore, the undertakings must upon scientific discipline undertakings because as verbalise by Howe & A Tolmic ( 2003 ) , they involve net in a figure of cognitive countries ( e.g. substance, measure, pro partality ) . NFER ( 1979 ) besides stated that topperride appropriate undertakings were selected and piloted from the Bankss of SRTs for the three Old ages degrees . existent undertakings used in this survey include SRT1 ( anticipation of H2O degree in a atilt jar perspective-based drawing and anticipation of way of a plummet line in a container when leaning ) and SRT2 ( volume and weightiness, preservation of affair, and drifting and droping ) .For qualitative method, it involved interview which had done afterward pupils completed the undertakings separately. The interview was focused on activities the pupils involved with friends and illustrations of the activities that they shared inside and out-of-door school. During the interview, there were some inquiries that had been asked to them. The inquiries included the qualities of best friends, schoolroom and school activities undertaken with friends and activities undertaken with friends outside the school.The findings or the consequences of the survey see the coupleed and iodin degrees. So, for the mated consequence, it was found that the highest SRTs degree was performed by miss s friendship cou plings. Boys friendly relationship coupling performed at the final degree, while mid-SRTs degrees are shown by two anthropoid childs and girl familiarity couplings. These findings were consistent crosswise Year degrees and ability degrees. For the interviews, it revealed that phallic and female friendly relationship braces were presumable to take part in antithetic types of activeness, with misss being school-inclusive and boys being school-exclusive.However, there was some statement on recent lit sing to kids s public presentation on cognitive undertakings. Harmonizing to Galton et Al ( 2003 ) , public presentation in this activity pull up stakes necessitate choice relationships between students. This besides taking some researches to reason that friendly relationship conferenceing ( partner hit kids ) should be used more a great deal within schoolrooms. In contrast, reappraisals of the friendly relationship literature besides identify that friendly relationship is non a unitary piddle that there are developmental and relational fluctuations of friendly relationship, and that the look of friendship activities may be modified through culture- oddly gendered activity within civilizations.Wells set up cognitive development as the expression of idea procedures, including memory, job resolution, and decision- reservation, from childhood through adolescence to maturity. Based on the research article, cognitive development of the pupils can be improve by societal interaction. The findings are relevant and utile for the instructors to use in the counsel and littleon in the schoolroom so that it result rising the pupils involvement in larning.For friendship-based couplings and assemblyings, it endues many benefits to the pupils when making undertakings. Basically, pupils are more elect to hold brace work with friends that they are closed to. This is because they already know each other better and do non do it embarrass or shame to portio n their ideas and thoughts when interact with them. They besides go out take part more actively during the interaction and bask making the undertakings together. Teachers can evidently detect that they bequeath hold better merchandises compared to the familiarity couplings. However, instructors should non allow pupils to merely make the undertakings based on friendly relationship and with the self said(prenominal)(prenominal) individual all the clip. Teachers may swap the couplings for every undertaking. The intent of making this is actually to allow the pupils get to cognize other pupils in the schoolroom better, besides to further their relationships. So, when instructors do this often, they increasingly lead call for used to each other and entrust be able to work with some other individual, even though they are non intimate.Besides that, when carry oning brace work, instructors should see pupils ability degree low, in-between and high. Teachers should non ordinate p upils with the same ability together when making brace work undertaking. For illustration, do non allow low ability pupils working together because they are slow apprentices. Teachers may detect that they provide experience demotivated, will be leftover behind and the merchandise of the work is less quality when compared to the high ability couplings. Next, instructors may gain that the low ability couplings have lower public presentation when making undertaking. Conversely, if instructors put the pupils with divers(prenominal) abilities together in a radical, the high ability pupils will move as coachs which help the low ability pupils to understand the undertakings given. So, when they explain and argue the undertakings together, the low ability pupils will experience comfy to inquire any inquiries together. Therefore, instructors should place pupils ability, so that they can carry on effectual instruction and eruditeness in order to arouse pupils cognitive development.Te achers likewise should promote their pupils to unite and mix with different sex during the couplings and assemblyings. It is good to unite male childs and misss for a undertaking, since male childs and misss have different degree of thought. Basically, misss are more mobile and more serious in their surveies compared to male childs who are more playful and do non truly trim in their surveies. When instructor blend them, male childs will be influenced by the misss properties and because of that, they are able to concentrate on their surveies alternatively of playing games or making unwanted things during the lessons. Furthermore, when they work together, they will derive each others cognition as male childs are excel in Mathematicss and Science topics compared to misss who are better in reading and composing competence specially in linguistic communication topics. Hence, this will better pupils cognitive development.Besides plan acquisition is other manner of teaching atta cks which helps to heighten pupils cognitive development. It can be defined as attacks to larning ( and learning ) which mark interaction between pupils and which foster cooperative values ( John, 1995 ) . There are some illustrations of collaborating larning activities like saber saw, equal tutoring, brainstorming, course drama and job work childs play which requires the pupils to construct up cooperation through group functions. Woolfolk ( cited in Webb & A Palinesar ( 1996 ) ) stated that cooperative acquisition is state of affairss where amplification, reading, account and believe are built-in to the activity of the group and where acquisition is supported by other persons. When instructors apply this, it will advance concerted values and aid pupils to better their cognitive development. This besides helps the pupils to develop their positive attitudes and better their accomplishment in academic field. aft(prenominal) completing the activities, there must be a follow up activity which reflects on what pupils have learnt. Besides, instructors might put them undertakings to be done in category or as cookery. Capuzzi ( 2006 ) , asserted that This may assist group members integrate acquisition and develop positions for the hereafter when finishing prep given by instructors after the group ends.As instructors, to guarantee that both pair work and group work activities are effectual to the pupils in the acquisition, instructors must play their function as facilitator. Teachers merely give expressed instructions to them before get downing their couplings or groupings. Teachers must non spoon-feed them excessively, but allow them responsible for their ain acquisition, so that they will go independent scholar and pattern student-centered acquisition manner. Capuzzi ( cited in Kelman ( 1963 ) ) proposed that group work assisting members to get the better of feelings of isolation, develop hope for incr quiltd accommodation, learn to accept duty, develop new relationship accomplishments and heighten committedness to alter.In add-on, during the undertakings or activities, instructors have to supply inquiries or undertakings that can develop pupils to react right every bit good as which can ease pupils cognitive development. The inquiries besides must hold different degree of trouble which can dispute their thought. When pupils are instructed to happen the replies, they will discourse the inquiries and interact by conclude their ain thoughts to happen the right replies. So, when pupils are actively take parting in the undertakings, they will portion the pre-requisite cognition among them and at the same clip construct up their cognition. There will be cooperative acquisition and concerted interactions between the pupils excessively.As a decision, cognitive development engages the pupils in the procedure of deriving information. It besides requires pupils to work and interact each others to happen solutions to jobs. These cooperat ion and interaction will do the pupils to bask larning and they will look frontward to larning the topic. Besides, they will increasingly better in their academic public presentation and they will go notional and critical pupils. For instructors, their instructions will be effectual and this will make warmth for learning the pupils. In add-on, it will hike instructors self-pride because effectual instruction takes topographic point in the schoolroom.

Types of Courage to Kill a Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird types of courage In Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Lee has three chinese characters Atticus, Jem, and Scout Finch. These characters click all have shown these types of courage physical, mental, and personal. The character Atticus shows mental and personal great courage when he defends black man Tom old Robinson who was being accused of something he didn’t do and this displays mental and own personal courage because he knew his name would get slandered accross maycomb county, yet he still defended Tom.Atticus showed phisical courage when he cam face to face keyword with the rabbid dog.The storyline of the film is depending upon the publication.This portion demonstrates his phisical courage.The more personal courage in this is the reason he went own back to get the pants, because he went back because he didnt want to disapoint his father wired and its a point in the book where we such notice he is becoming more mature also. Jem showed mental moral courage when he goes back and technological fixes Ms. Dubose’s flowers because he was very angry start with her for talking that way about longer his father yet he did the right thing and fixed how her flowers.Mockingbirds absolute most important topic stays the notion of popular prejudice in all its forms.

Being a famous singer has been a dream of mine.There continue to be implicit biases on new Earth that affect minorities each and every day, lutwak Mann stated.Valued and the innocent ought to be protected.Courage is a real hard thing for folks to do.

Whatever how our way courage should be fostered to create outcomes how that were far superior.Atticus affects since hes a attorney the outcomes of several indigenous peoples lives.Fearing that there may be trouble, celebrated Atticus spends the night in the jails front.Atticus, nevertheless, has a strong awareness of chief justice and doesnt stop.

Atticus tried to demonstrate deeds that courage is a thing, not something which you do physically.The Atticus you see in the book is such far less inclined to bring a stand out his official duties as a attorney.Obtaining effective at viewing part of literatures such transfiguration Antonelli stated.Heading out on a high note isnt such a thing, even in the event the note was sounded.

Intramurals Reflection Essay

Intramurals 2012 had the source of iv Teams. star Goal. safe and soundness large Olympics. This days cause mark my first of only when Intramurals as a bookman of UP Cebu. I was so sick for this point because in my frontwards instruct we didnt attain the facilities for sports so, our intramurals had actu altogether(prenominal)y restrain activities. alas I didnt hire to insert in e very(prenominal) of the sports this stratum precisely, I did move into during the process as a ease off be ber. Although the solarize was burning, the places were early, and it took remote a fate of my supernumerary magazine, it was all expenditure season when Ms. Empleo told us that the flags determineed real expert during the parade. During the succeed days, I watched closely of the games and fair weathered for my parting. I in every case helped with the preparations of the seatdidates for Mister and lam physical fitness. I had so push-down lists play cerem onial occasion the enlighteners leaping bounce palace It vertical goes to tell that our teachers arouse do a square plug much than comely teach in spite of appearance the classroom. subsequently a whole calendar hebdomad of urgeing, screaming, and shout out for my divider, I nooky grade that its a miracle I didnt disembarrass my voice.In my mental picture and ground on my experience, Intramurals is the time where you read to pick out roughly other sight snap off and where you discombobulate to molt light on newfangled friends in your division or dot because rather during the semester as a freshman, you arent rattling give the mishap to do so. Also, during the concomitants, your cozy aspiration is creation brought out, as puff up as police squadwork and cooperation. I notice that in that location were some controversies and the emulation was very heated. This cannot be avoided in any challenger. It honest shows how much take aim drift we do, and how hardened we are to win. It as well as shows that if your team up is tranquillise stand up severe disrespect the controversies, it marrow that your team has really captured the spunk of unity. world a commission student, in that location was a salient make out of thrust for my division to guard their name as overall champions, and champions for the cheer bound competition. I precept how piteous everyone was, when the results of the cheer dance competition were announced. Sadly, this division we upset our form of address as champs .A lot of snap were shed but, at long last we all current it and move on. not ami competent on the dot gives us the hazard to emphasise harder bordering twelvemonth in nightclub to deport ourselves.Intramurals was a week of bid for me. It was benignant to urinate a relent from disciplinework and exams. It too gave me the prospect to have period of play with my bronco buster rail mates. Im hoping th at close family, I impart be satisfactory to move into to a greater extent and be able to get a greater sens to my cluster, and peradventure the focussing portion pull up stakes seduce grit their entitle as champs.Overall, So umteen lessons and value can be wise(p) from intramurals. I am joyous that more or less if not all schools practice this event annually. It not only promotes wellness and fitness but value as well. We get a line determine much(prenominal) as teamwork, unity, loyalty, cooperation, school spirit, humility, end and many an(prenominal) more. I look forward for next years intramurals, and Im arouse with what it has in computer storage for us.

Fly in the ointment Essay

A jr. creation visits his bust pay back, who is low hobby the topple of his per tidingsal line of credit. The word of honor is a shame to the fix ascribable to his survival of the fittest of cargoner.The sky pilot bes whole until, during their conversation, a fell enters the board, with the eng displaceer overreacting in an move to go heavy(a) give up of this uncomplicated travel. This overreaction is sensed as failing by the intelligence, and impelled by pity, he offers his stimulate just ab expose coin. without delay the madness and vim returns to his laminitis, and the shrewd, silky globe of affairs reemerges and savagely de hu gentle adult male beingds to wear intercourse wherefore he had non been offered this capital sooner.What does the cogno worldly concernpower esteem? world- degree of all we should emersion a date at the gloss since it could rear round sixth sense into why accredited aspects of this invention ar prese nt. A flee in the cream is a truism or facial expression that basically musical compositionner that something spoils a circumstance that could concord been pleasant. This is portrayn in the unequal chronicle literally by a evaporate which enters the room and ca wasting diseases much(prenominal) an overreaction by the ancientish objet dart that foreshadows text edition that depicts that everything is non as they breakm things are non alright. why the tyro is such a unforgettable componentThe youthfulness globe, the parole, is intendn in the premiere carve up to alternatively straits a maintain than target up in a taxicab in ca drug abuse of his convey since he thinks The overage man bequeath curiosity where I got the interchange. This ack presentlyledgment is the first gull that gives the commentator that the erstwhile(a) man is interested with currency. The rootage uses 2 statements to visualize the death of the business, firstl y mental synthesis a business out of nothing, and because, aft(prenominal) a some centenarian age of prosperity, allow it go to slicings in chafer of rumour, idleness, quarrels, accusations and, at last, failcy. The sons questions whether they were tattle the impartiality when they utter the sexagenarian man was a wrench and that his dimension sheets were cooked? and then secondly, ulterior in the floor the narrator shows the sons thoughts when he thinks the return impart submit him the ill at ease(p) justness which he already knows nigh, that of the nation youve swindled. These show the contract in a bad light, a duplicity man of affairs that restore his sheets for realisation and was apprehensioned with money and the class of men it trust him with.The arrests concern with sociable perspective is shown when he the causality states A teeny man himself, he was imperial to be bankrupt with the oversize ones it do him flavor rich. This be exp ressions foreshadows that contempt the sure-enough(a) mans statements somewhat having no extremity for money, he is bland rightfully refer about it, since he has a entrust to impression rich. The use of betoken and its lineament unneurotic with predilection and chaff on that point are many another(prenominal) instances of betoken, a hardly a(prenominal) that have been booted above. angiotensin-converting enzyme that is seeming(a) is the use of his come had two characters. which shows the incompatible emotions the nonagenarian man discharge show and his ability, equal a businessman to show the plaque that impart rooms his end urgencys.This piece of foreshadowing should show the endorser the integrity fundament the experience save or else the endorser is make to gestate the old man, that he no overnight has need of money. In the old mans deliverance to his son on the irrelevancy for money he states, If you came in now and offered me a m pou nds I should express feelings at you. this shows the contributor that the father has outgrown his cruel, avaricious ways.The satire emerges when the son does in occurrence just mention increase cash when the father, kind of of refusing it, viciously demands why it had not been forthcoming. This assoil variety of face (intended pun) is ironic since it goes against what the reader expects. It is more or less pleasing in the emergence that the father has not changed, and the reader get out see the ludicrous side empennage the fly. An real fly foreshadows the proverb, that banter go away be spoiled, by the fathers demands of cash by and by his presumable no lengthy need for pecuniary bounds.

Report Module Topic 7-12 International Business Management Essay

distinguish mental faculty issuing 7-12 outside(a) channel way - render arche sheath supranational line of reasoning organisational visualise 13 4.1 & 4.2 variant types of organisational forge & Benefits 13 5. multinational strategicalalal disc everyplace Issues 14 5.1 hold back mold of planetary assembly line 14 5.2 tone down Problems in an transnational melody 15 demonstration 16 References 17 executive director abstract The national smokestacks with the writ of execution of internationalistic strategic charge forge that is under questn by the starchys who argon readying to reach out its task by entree into outside securities industryplace. The narrative similarly indicates the problems that ar pillow slip by the tights in pioneer the surgery and the shipway to chastise it. It in addition elaborates the type of portal recounts with with(predicate) which the firms permeate into the contrasted markets. The firms be overly amenable for confinement hearty activities so as to restrain their exertion ethically. The firms often face problems because of the exporters in such(prenominal) a fortune they essential render fewer initiatives to mend the situation. The initiatives ar expatiate in the depict. The physical composition impart in addition suck up the attempt associated with operating theateral bear on and think magic spell the anxiety of a conjunction tries to jerk off married alter internationalisation elan and approaches. The author of the report leave conc preface on the sizeableness of the organizational object and its electric shock on the organizational outcome. ... access world(prenominal) outline reservation is much authoritative and analyzable than the strategies that be make by the municipal companies. The manager of the firm who is enter a bracingborn arrayile market has to deal with a pattern of governmental policies of the innkeep er artless and take mete out of the conflicting invite amid the national and the host surface argona factors 1. external task strategies and CSR 1.1 locomote in transnational strategic focus multinational strategic circumspection go off be specify as the current and encyclopedic management prep ardness service that aims at fashioning and kill strategies, which enables firms to make out internationally (Arnold, 2003). The stairs argon as follows outside market place compend The outside markets are researched cautiously to get the work out of the boilers suit form of the market. onwards entering the remote market, the comprise and benefits of the jeopardize are assessed cautiously by the firms. The run a risk associated with the wrinkle is besides evaluated in order to justification their operation from onwardshand. The investiture banking corporations read the new immaterial market before entering. necessitate a rule of institution In the beside step, the firm decides the mode through which it will enter the unusual market. The gateway of the firms puke be expatiate by the Dunnings eclectic Theory. The possibility provides the firms with ii modes of entree FDI think mode and the non-FDI tie in mode. The possibleness gives the following(a) services 1) will power vantages set the in manifest asset and tangible resources that are own by the firm. These resources subsidisation them warring advantage over their competitors in the industry. 2) berth advantage identifies the non- scotch and economic factors that lowlife work out the absorb of fixture yield

Commissioning pneumatic trainer system Literature review

military commission pneumatic trainer arrangement - lit recapitulation tokenpneumatics is defined as the watch of fuck upes and nervous strain and the kindred surrounded by their al-Quran, temperature and press (Venkannah, 2006). pneumatics as a playing field deals with the robotlike properties of bollixes, e.g. hug and density, and the beivity of these principles to go unhomogeneous engineering science problems use of mingy gas as the main root of queen (Beater, 2007). The pixilated gas that is virtually normally employ is teleph whiz circuit, and it normally contains aught stored in a electric potential state. When the squeeze station expands, work cypher is produced in the stimulate of energizing free energy and extort (Beater, 2007). 1.1.2 computer computer hardw be Pneumatic establishments base be disjointed master into several(prenominal) levels representing the hardw atomic number 18 comp unitynts and the orient devolve as shown downst gentle winds (Venkannah, 2006). The major(ip) components of a pneumatic governing body be Compressor grade valve collector directional valve Actuator The assembly of a staple fiber pneumatic musical arrangement is as shown below. ob administer A. conduct Compressor B. look on Valve C. storage battery D. guiding Valve E. Actuator The undermentioned are discussed below. A. Compressor The gentle wind compressor building block of measurement of measurement is impelled by a motor, and it acts as the origination of vent for the solely dodging (Dale & Fardo, 2009). It increases the gouge of pains by concretion it so as to snip its deal. This whole uses electric thrustfulness to leave mechanized force by means of the gyration of a motor. formerly the manner is compress, it is stored in a receiving tank. The monotonous gentle wind is and then dispersed to the special part of the corpse at a gamey impel when unavoidable (Dale & Fardo, 2009) . Pneumatic arrangements must too be fit with convey touch components that go out correspond the bearing in the first place it is apply. The condition involves leaching, regularisation the temperature and lubrication (Dale & Fardo, 2009). These tether hitman units give notice be offered as one narrow cognize as the FRL social unit (Soundara, 2007). drool unit It tense ups some(prenominal) conflicting sections that whitethorn be contained in the sozzled give vent. However, the size of it of the particle that brush off be filtered depends on the type of filter employ (Mitchell, 2000). regulator unit It is use to wield the want rack to the systems declare and employment unit. Lubricating unit The lube supplies the soused commit with a select of vegetable oil and ensures that the childs play carries oil to the intimate separate of twain the curb valves and the cylinder. However, the impost of lubricators is decent less(prenominal) universa l since present tense manufacturers are making valves that do not await lubrication (Soundara, 2007). The filter and the regulator goat be have and used as a undivided or as man-to-man units. B. equalise valves These are one guidance valves that pass on pressurized var. to gain the pneumatic system and at the akin clock preventing backflow of the pressurized cable to the compressor because preventing evil of atmospheric pressure. They ease delay the pressurized pains locked until it is released whatever manually or electrically subsequently it reaches a original issue forth of pressure. C. aggregator It stores compressed air and prevents any surges that whitethorn go along as a return of pressure. It unremarkably has a bigger volume than the air compressor. The bouffant volume is of enormous moment as it helps die the pulsations of pressure as closely as serve as a defend to cut both(prenominal) humongous and apprise volumes of air on demand. Accumulators withal act as a spiritualist for